China has a long history of using ebony, and the ebony produced by the tributary of the genus of the genus and the ebony produced by the native of Hainan Island constitute the main material for the production of furniture and literary objects in ancient China. Because of the firmness and sturdiness of the ebony wood, the color is deep and dark, which is quite popular among the nobles and the people at that time. However, due to the small size of ebony trees, low yields, and large amounts of rare materials, it is difficult to make large-scale furniture on a large scale, which is usually used to make small pieces of wenwan. In modern times, ebony is often mistaken for sinister wood by the people. In fact, the two are completely different concepts.
This "ebony" is not a ebony
Not long ago, Sichuan villager Wu Gaoliang accidentally discovered a batch of ebony treasures on his own contracted land. The longest one was 34 meters and the weight was 60 tons. After the experts determined that the market price was about 20 million yuan. In the days when the price of ebony is returned to the state or the private sector has not yet been dusty, the controversial issue in the industry is the identity of the ebony.
The insiders believe that the protagonist of the controversy is ebony, because it is usually dark, so it is commonly referred to as "ebony" in Sichuan folks, and uses the sinister wood as an evil spirit for making crafts, statues, amulets. Pendant and so on. Later, the name of ebony spread and became the common name of the folks on the overcast wood. It is completely different from the "ebony" in the national standard of China's mahogany.
Yang Jiaxuan, an expert in timber industry research at the Chinese Academy of Forestry, told reporters that from 2000 to 10,000 years ago, due to the crustal movement in ancient Sichuan, animals and plants were buried in low-lying areas such as ancient riverbeds under the influence of earthquakes, floods and mudslides. Some trees that sink into the water and are buried in the mud are also called "carbonized wood" in the absence of salt and high pressure, because of the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, through the carbonization process of thousands of years or even tens of thousands of years. . Yang Jiaxuan said that trees that sink into the water and bury them in the soil, regardless of the species, can be called yin wood if they are carbonized. It has a world of difference in concept and essence from the ebony in the national standard, and it cannot be confused.
Gaobeidian, a merchant engaged in mahogany furniture business for many years, told reporters that at present, the price of ebony in the mahogany market is not high, generally around 20,000 yuan/ton, depending on the size, material and quality of the wood. Because the folks often refer to the overcast wood as ebony, many people confuse the ebony and the sinister wood in the national standard of the redwood, and some people use the price of the sapwood and ebony.
Ancient ebony is mostly produced in Hainan, Vietnam.
The "Redwood National Standard" classifies ebony as a persimmon of the persimmon family, mainly in tropical Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. The wood is black, also called "horned black", and its shape is closer to that of red sandalwood. Tan", mostly hollow, difficult to produce. Nowadays, the ebony in the mahogany market is mostly imported from Southeast Asia and other countries, and its material is different from traditional ebony.
Because the ebony wood is hard and bright, it has been regarded as a valuable wood since ancient times, and it is also one of the materials used in traditional Chinese furniture. Ebony has been recorded in ancient Chinese classics, and its name has undergone many changes. It has rich names such as "Wuwenmu", "Ulimu" and "Corner". For example, Jin Cuibao's "Ancient and Modern Notes" contains: "Ebony is in the state, black and grainy, also known as "Uwenmu"." "Zhu Fanzhi" is called "Wu Yumu". In the Ming Dynasty, the Yellow Province once called it "Ulimu" in the "Western Tributaries".
Hu Desheng, a researcher at the National Palace Museum and a member of the National Cultural Relics Appraisal Committee, said that from the records of ancient books, the ancient ebony is not a single species. The Qing Dynasty Li Tiaoyuan wrote in the "Nan Yue Notes": Ebony, produced by the islands of Qiongzhou. The natives are folded into shackles and they are widely used. The nickname is Hainan, a "corner". The color is pure black and very crisp. There is a black tea, from the Fanpo, the quality is very strong, the water is heavy. There are many other ebony-like people who can be used as sticks. If the water is not sinking, then it is not.
Experts in the industry believe that from the records recorded in the classics, most of the ebony used in ancient China are produced in Hainan and Vietnam. "Guangzhi 绎": "Wooden wood is crisp and light, can be a small appliance, out of Qionghai." "Hainan Miscellaneous Vietnam": "Geobes, oysters, corals, Chi Nan, Shen Tan, Shuxiang , cinnamon, ebony." can be evidence.
Zhou Jingnan, deputy research librarian of the Palace Museum, said that in ancient China, ebony entered the private sector and the court. There were two main channels: one was through the tribute of the Southeast Asian countries; the other was from the Hainan Island region of China. Because of the delicate and ebony wood, the color is deep and dark, which is very popular among people at that time.
Precious ebony has medicinal value
Yang Jiaxuan told reporters that the ebony tree is small, the output is small, and it is difficult to make large pieces of furniture. It is usually used to make small pieces of wenwan. Even so, ebony still relies on good wood properties, and the beautiful and smooth texture lines become an important carrier for inheriting ancient Chinese furniture culture, art and crafts.
The ebony wood is hard, the color is deep, the wood grain is fine, and the polished method can achieve the mirror surface brightening. Moreover, because the ebony is resistant to corrosion and fading, it can prevent insects and become an ideal material for making art and antique furniture. It is very suitable for delicate expression. s work. Some natural ebony is also a potential stock of the collection.
In addition, ebony also has a certain medicinal value. Because the ebony attribute is pure Yin, there are records in the ancient books. Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" records "Umu Gan, salt, flat, detoxification, and the main cholera spitting, taking the powder to the end, using warm wine clothes." The ancient medical book "Puji Fang" also wrote that "the treatment of cholera is serious." Use ebony tips for the end. Fried wine suit."
In ancient times, Daguan Xiangui also liked to regard ebony furniture and ebony art as an evil thing. Ebony is not only a traditional Chinese medicine, but also a bloody camp. It is often close to the body and can be adjusted to the body. Therefore, it is praised as “Oriental Shenmu†at home and abroad.
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