2. Development of sustainable design and analysis of major issues
With the changes of the industrial environment and the low-cost competition of developing countries, the export of our products is facing a serious threat, especially when facing the influx of many foreign developers with more and more “high quality and low price†products. The crisis facing the industry is unprecedented. Although China’s tourism developers have made efforts in the diversification of product types and design standards, they have achieved initial results.
However, due to the extensive coverage of tourism products, the use of resources and materials is also quite large, how to minimize the consumption of resources, improve the recycling of waste tourism products, still need to make great efforts. Become a major challenge in design and development. According to the environmental management standards published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), future manufacturers, especially the leaders of the tourism industry, must take responsibility for the recycling of products. Because the business of tourism products is directly linked to nature. Therefore, in the early stage of the design of tourism products, it is necessary to analyze the damage that the product life cycle can cause to the ecological environment to determine the appearance, materials, and molding methods of the products so as to reduce the various pollutions produced in the process of manufacture, packaging, and use. And when the product can not be used eventually, it can still be economically and effectively regenerated and reused to reduce various problems that may be caused by burying, incineration, etc., and truly realize the “people-oriented†design concept.
2. 1 Sustainable Design and Development at the Technical Level
The entire tourism industry is mainly composed of catering industry, hotel industry, transportation industry, information service industry and other industries. One of the most closely related to nature is the food and beverage industry, and the tourism products that come with it are also relatively the most. There is a reproducible impression from disposable products to durable products. In the manufacturing and development of disposable products, foamed materials made of wood and high-polymers are used in biodegradable paper materials, making the products sustainable in environmental planning and eliminating white pollution. Roots, tourism products have emerged the prototype of sustainable design.
As early as the 1980s, Japan had already introduced the ECO Mark system as a reference for consumers to purchase, and opened up a precedent for sustainable design. As people's awareness of environmental protection increases and the related technologies are diversified, similar environmental protection signs are also increasing. Various industrial fields are seeking fast and innovative ways to meet demand. Recently, in the Japanese tourism market, it is often the case that “this product is in compliance with the Green Purchase Act.†Many tourism companies have also launched the “Reference Record for Green Purchasing Lawâ€. "Sustainable design" and "green buying" have clearly become new trends in the Japanese tourism market. Particularly noteworthy is that of the 101 projects in 14 areas of sustainable design, there are 49 items related to tourism products, which is close to half of the overall benchmark. Apart from explaining that a large number of tourism products are environmental protection areas that need to be rectified, it is not difficult to see that the Japanese government hopes to adopt the “sustainable design†formulation, from which tourism products can be found and used after everyone. As the starting point of green environmental protection. Sustainable design has achieved unprecedented development in the tourism product design industry.
Due to the rapid development of science and technology, tourism products have also made breakthroughs in technology. Like the development of materials science and computer-aided design, it provides a very good application space for sustainable design of tourism products, such as biodegradable materials, memory plastics, aluminum-magnesium alloys, and so on. Through designing and integrating various environmental protection technologies, it will bring many new business opportunities for our tourism industry. Thanks to Shape Memory Polymer (SMP), a new environmentally-friendly material proposed by Britain, a shape-memory plastic made from polyurethane has been successfully applied to most of the dismantling of products. This kind of material is made into screws and buttons are assembled in tourism products. When dismantling, it can achieve the purpose of rapidly destroying screws and buttons according to the temperature, and the damaged button can also be recycled and remanufactured. Significantly reduce the time and funds required for resource recovery. At present, some tourism manufacturers have participated in this research project. Metal materials, the application of aluminum-magnesium alloy is also a good example, currently technically has exceeded the past uncontrollable chemical properties of magnesium, coupled with its mineral reserves for the world's sixth place, light texture and easy to recycle The use of such advantages, has taken the lead in the manufacturing of many tourism products manufacturing enterprise product shell, light texture, fast heat dissipation, anti-static, recyclable aluminum-magnesium alloy has become the best among similar products.
Of course, merely changing the use of materials is not enough. The reduction in energy consumption is also an important part of sustainable design. For example, a “hand-cranked electric flashlight†introduced by Japan’s Sony Corp. has become a representative of energy-saving tourism products. Just as the name of the product is common, after rotating the flashlight for 1 minute, it can generate 30 minutes of power for users. This technology may not only be applied to flashlights in the future, but it can also be applied to even wider range of other travel products.
2.2 Advantages of sustainable design
Sustainable design not only has many advantages in the design, production, sales, installation, processing, reuse, etc., of adapting to the modern large-scale industrial production, but also from an ecological design point of view, it also has an important significance for environmental protection, with traditional tourism. The product is difficult to compare advantages:
(1) It reduces the amount of work required for the reuse of recyclable parts and materials.
(2) simple and quick recovery;
(3) Recyclable materials and residual waste can be easily classified and handled. Sustainable design is a reflection of the progress of the tourism industry. It requires the support of high-precision processing methods and requires the support of mature materials, new processes and new methods. The goal of sustainable design is to create the greenest product in the simplest way.
2.3 The Main Problems in Modern Sustainable Design
Designing a product that is easy to recycle and easy to reuse is a complex process that needs to address many issues such as material selection, ease of separation, and modular design. At present, from the perspective of manufacturers, designers, or consumers, in addition to "insufficient overall environmental awareness," "excessive expenditure on environmental protection development" and "relevant information is lacking" have become major obstacles to the development of environmentally friendly tourism products. The price positioning of sustainable design products will directly affect the effect of product life cycle assessment. Therefore, in addition to the real environmental performance of sustainable design in tourism product development, reducing prices and increasing publicity should also be related to tourism. The functional design, sustainable design, and regenerative design of the product are equally important.
2.4 Misunderstandings in Sustainable Design
Misconception 1: Sustainable design is ecological design At present, people's understanding of ecological design is still very vague, and the view that sustainable design is ecological design, sustainable design is green design is narrow and one-sided. Eco-design is designed for the entire life cycle of a product. Environmental protection is a design goal throughout the entire product life cycle. Therefore, from the height of the system, the raw material acquisition, manufacturing, packaging, transportation, and sales management of the product must be performed. Specific analysis of the impact of the use and recycling processes on the environment will enable the product to achieve an overall “eco-environment†in an orderly manner. In the entire life cycle of a product, if only one link meets the requirements of ecological design, or only one link does not belong to the requirements of ecological design, this product is not an ecological product. Therefore, sustainable design is only a part of ecological design. Products designed according to the principle of sustainable design may not necessarily be ecological products. Specific evaluations must be based on the assessment of the entire product life cycle.
Myth #2: Sustainable design of product materials must be able to be 100% recycled. While emphasizing sustainable design, it should be noted that a product that is 100% recycled is unrealistic and uneconomical, and ecological design is also It is only in the design that the best balance between technology and art, function and form, environment and economy, environment and society is sought. The purpose of recycling is to make maximum use of this recycling resource, and to minimize the amount of product remaining. Pollution. So some recycling may be the best way. Many of the Z1 and BMW 3251 cars produced by BMW are made from recyclable plastics. At the time of recycling, the company first focused on the recycling of the most valuable parts for reuse. As a result, better regeneration effects are achieved at a lower cost.
3. Strengthen the sustainable design
Enhancing Product Competitiveness The design of products that are designed for sustainable use is becoming increasingly popular among consumers because of its advantages such as reusability, ease of disassembly, and ease of assembly and disassembly. This “green†concept has enabled consumers to increase their environmental awareness and beliefs in the use of their products. In addition, as people's awareness of environmental protection has increased, ecological consumption has quietly risen. The perpetually designed tourism product currently accounts for 15% of the market share in Japan and Europe, and it grows at a rate of 6% each year, showing good momentum of development. Some experts predict that eco-products will become the leading products of the 21st century. Sustainable design products will become the mainstream of world travel product design and manufacturing because of their more ecological characteristics. Therefore, conditional tourism product manufacturing companies should make full use of these conditions and carry out product development in accordance with the requirements of eco-design, gradually transition products to sustainable design standards, improve product ecological performance, enhance product competitiveness, and strive to achieve economic The simultaneous development of society and environmental protection.
Sun Hui, School of Design Arts, Beijing Institute of Technology
With the changes of the industrial environment and the low-cost competition of developing countries, the export of our products is facing a serious threat, especially when facing the influx of many foreign developers with more and more “high quality and low price†products. The crisis facing the industry is unprecedented. Although China’s tourism developers have made efforts in the diversification of product types and design standards, they have achieved initial results.
However, due to the extensive coverage of tourism products, the use of resources and materials is also quite large, how to minimize the consumption of resources, improve the recycling of waste tourism products, still need to make great efforts. Become a major challenge in design and development. According to the environmental management standards published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), future manufacturers, especially the leaders of the tourism industry, must take responsibility for the recycling of products. Because the business of tourism products is directly linked to nature. Therefore, in the early stage of the design of tourism products, it is necessary to analyze the damage that the product life cycle can cause to the ecological environment to determine the appearance, materials, and molding methods of the products so as to reduce the various pollutions produced in the process of manufacture, packaging, and use. And when the product can not be used eventually, it can still be economically and effectively regenerated and reused to reduce various problems that may be caused by burying, incineration, etc., and truly realize the “people-oriented†design concept.
2. 1 Sustainable Design and Development at the Technical Level
The entire tourism industry is mainly composed of catering industry, hotel industry, transportation industry, information service industry and other industries. One of the most closely related to nature is the food and beverage industry, and the tourism products that come with it are also relatively the most. There is a reproducible impression from disposable products to durable products. In the manufacturing and development of disposable products, foamed materials made of wood and high-polymers are used in biodegradable paper materials, making the products sustainable in environmental planning and eliminating white pollution. Roots, tourism products have emerged the prototype of sustainable design.
As early as the 1980s, Japan had already introduced the ECO Mark system as a reference for consumers to purchase, and opened up a precedent for sustainable design. As people's awareness of environmental protection increases and the related technologies are diversified, similar environmental protection signs are also increasing. Various industrial fields are seeking fast and innovative ways to meet demand. Recently, in the Japanese tourism market, it is often the case that “this product is in compliance with the Green Purchase Act.†Many tourism companies have also launched the “Reference Record for Green Purchasing Lawâ€. "Sustainable design" and "green buying" have clearly become new trends in the Japanese tourism market. Particularly noteworthy is that of the 101 projects in 14 areas of sustainable design, there are 49 items related to tourism products, which is close to half of the overall benchmark. Apart from explaining that a large number of tourism products are environmental protection areas that need to be rectified, it is not difficult to see that the Japanese government hopes to adopt the “sustainable design†formulation, from which tourism products can be found and used after everyone. As the starting point of green environmental protection. Sustainable design has achieved unprecedented development in the tourism product design industry.
Due to the rapid development of science and technology, tourism products have also made breakthroughs in technology. Like the development of materials science and computer-aided design, it provides a very good application space for sustainable design of tourism products, such as biodegradable materials, memory plastics, aluminum-magnesium alloys, and so on. Through designing and integrating various environmental protection technologies, it will bring many new business opportunities for our tourism industry. Thanks to Shape Memory Polymer (SMP), a new environmentally-friendly material proposed by Britain, a shape-memory plastic made from polyurethane has been successfully applied to most of the dismantling of products. This kind of material is made into screws and buttons are assembled in tourism products. When dismantling, it can achieve the purpose of rapidly destroying screws and buttons according to the temperature, and the damaged button can also be recycled and remanufactured. Significantly reduce the time and funds required for resource recovery. At present, some tourism manufacturers have participated in this research project. Metal materials, the application of aluminum-magnesium alloy is also a good example, currently technically has exceeded the past uncontrollable chemical properties of magnesium, coupled with its mineral reserves for the world's sixth place, light texture and easy to recycle The use of such advantages, has taken the lead in the manufacturing of many tourism products manufacturing enterprise product shell, light texture, fast heat dissipation, anti-static, recyclable aluminum-magnesium alloy has become the best among similar products.
Of course, merely changing the use of materials is not enough. The reduction in energy consumption is also an important part of sustainable design. For example, a “hand-cranked electric flashlight†introduced by Japan’s Sony Corp. has become a representative of energy-saving tourism products. Just as the name of the product is common, after rotating the flashlight for 1 minute, it can generate 30 minutes of power for users. This technology may not only be applied to flashlights in the future, but it can also be applied to even wider range of other travel products.
2.2 Advantages of sustainable design
Sustainable design not only has many advantages in the design, production, sales, installation, processing, reuse, etc., of adapting to the modern large-scale industrial production, but also from an ecological design point of view, it also has an important significance for environmental protection, with traditional tourism. The product is difficult to compare advantages:
(1) It reduces the amount of work required for the reuse of recyclable parts and materials.
(2) simple and quick recovery;
(3) Recyclable materials and residual waste can be easily classified and handled. Sustainable design is a reflection of the progress of the tourism industry. It requires the support of high-precision processing methods and requires the support of mature materials, new processes and new methods. The goal of sustainable design is to create the greenest product in the simplest way.
2.3 The Main Problems in Modern Sustainable Design
Designing a product that is easy to recycle and easy to reuse is a complex process that needs to address many issues such as material selection, ease of separation, and modular design. At present, from the perspective of manufacturers, designers, or consumers, in addition to "insufficient overall environmental awareness," "excessive expenditure on environmental protection development" and "relevant information is lacking" have become major obstacles to the development of environmentally friendly tourism products. The price positioning of sustainable design products will directly affect the effect of product life cycle assessment. Therefore, in addition to the real environmental performance of sustainable design in tourism product development, reducing prices and increasing publicity should also be related to tourism. The functional design, sustainable design, and regenerative design of the product are equally important.
2.4 Misunderstandings in Sustainable Design
Misconception 1: Sustainable design is ecological design At present, people's understanding of ecological design is still very vague, and the view that sustainable design is ecological design, sustainable design is green design is narrow and one-sided. Eco-design is designed for the entire life cycle of a product. Environmental protection is a design goal throughout the entire product life cycle. Therefore, from the height of the system, the raw material acquisition, manufacturing, packaging, transportation, and sales management of the product must be performed. Specific analysis of the impact of the use and recycling processes on the environment will enable the product to achieve an overall “eco-environment†in an orderly manner. In the entire life cycle of a product, if only one link meets the requirements of ecological design, or only one link does not belong to the requirements of ecological design, this product is not an ecological product. Therefore, sustainable design is only a part of ecological design. Products designed according to the principle of sustainable design may not necessarily be ecological products. Specific evaluations must be based on the assessment of the entire product life cycle.
Myth #2: Sustainable design of product materials must be able to be 100% recycled. While emphasizing sustainable design, it should be noted that a product that is 100% recycled is unrealistic and uneconomical, and ecological design is also It is only in the design that the best balance between technology and art, function and form, environment and economy, environment and society is sought. The purpose of recycling is to make maximum use of this recycling resource, and to minimize the amount of product remaining. Pollution. So some recycling may be the best way. Many of the Z1 and BMW 3251 cars produced by BMW are made from recyclable plastics. At the time of recycling, the company first focused on the recycling of the most valuable parts for reuse. As a result, better regeneration effects are achieved at a lower cost.
3. Strengthen the sustainable design
Enhancing Product Competitiveness The design of products that are designed for sustainable use is becoming increasingly popular among consumers because of its advantages such as reusability, ease of disassembly, and ease of assembly and disassembly. This “green†concept has enabled consumers to increase their environmental awareness and beliefs in the use of their products. In addition, as people's awareness of environmental protection has increased, ecological consumption has quietly risen. The perpetually designed tourism product currently accounts for 15% of the market share in Japan and Europe, and it grows at a rate of 6% each year, showing good momentum of development. Some experts predict that eco-products will become the leading products of the 21st century. Sustainable design products will become the mainstream of world travel product design and manufacturing because of their more ecological characteristics. Therefore, conditional tourism product manufacturing companies should make full use of these conditions and carry out product development in accordance with the requirements of eco-design, gradually transition products to sustainable design standards, improve product ecological performance, enhance product competitiveness, and strive to achieve economic The simultaneous development of society and environmental protection.
Sun Hui, School of Design Arts, Beijing Institute of Technology
Source: Art and Design - Theoretical Issues
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