British scientists have discovered a defective gene associated with more than one-third of kidney cancer. This discovery is hailed as one of the most important breakthroughs in kidney cancer research in 20 years. It will help researchers understand the development mechanism of kidney cancer and develop New treatment methods and early diagnosis methods. The research results were published in the latest issue of Nature.
Previous research has found that this gene, called PBRM1, is innate, but for some people, the gene will be damaged at a certain stage of life, leading to cancer.
New research shows that the mutated PBRM1 gene can be found in approximately 40% of kidney cancer patients, which is the most significant discovery in the field of kidney cancer research since the discovery of the VHL variant gene. Scientists believe that the vast majority of kidney cancers are associated with mutations in these two genes. The gene was discovered by gene mapping. The researchers found 88 PBRM1 variant genes in 257 renal cell carcinoma cases.
The PBMR1 gene can keep the structure of some cells in order. Its inactivation can lead to abnormal growth of "rogue" molecules into cancer. The exact reason why the gene is damaged or turned off is still unclear, but the researchers hope that by identifying the gene, in the future, it will be able to find a treatment that can cause a fatal blow to kidney cancer; or by identifying mutations with the gene Related biomarkers to find early diagnosis methods.
When kidney cancer shows certain symptoms, it is very fatal and there is little effective cure. Dr. Andy Fordell of the Sanger Institute at the Wilcom Foundation in the United Kingdom stated that the PBMR1 gene is an important jigsaw in the “jigsaw puzzle†of kidney cancer research. The treatment methods provide new targets and directions.
A coffee table is a low table designed to be placed in a sitting area for convenient support of beverages, remote controls, magazines, books (especially large, illustrated coffee table books), decorative objects, and other small items.
Most coffee tables are made of wood (though faux wood tables are increasingly common) or glass and metal, typically, stainless steel or aluminum and may incorporate cabinets or drawers.
Coffee tables were thought to initially be constructed in Renaissance England.
Origins
Japanese style coffee table.
In Europe, the first tables specifically designed as and called coffee tables, appear to have been made in Britain during the late Victorian era.
Couch and coffee table in a hotel room
According to the listing in Victorian Furniture by R. W. Symonds & B. B. Whineray and also in The Country Life Book of English Furniture by Edward T. Joy, a table designed by E. W. Godwin in 1868 and made in large numbers by William Watt, and Collinson and Lock, is a coffee table. If this is correct it may be one of the earliest made in Europe. Other sources, however, list it only as "table" so this can not be stated categorically. Far from being a low table, this table was about twenty-seven inches high.[citation needed]
Later coffee tables were designed as low tables and this idea may have come from the Ottoman Empire, based on the tables in use in tea gardens. However, as the Anglo-Japanese style was popular in Britain throughout the 1870s and 1880s and low tables were common in Japan, this seems to be an equally likely source for the concept of a long low table.
From the late 19th century onwards, many coffee tables were subsequently made in earlier styles due to the popularity of revivalism, so it is quite possible to find Louis XVI style coffee tables or Georgian style coffee tables, but there seems to be no evidence of a table actually made as a coffee table before this time. Joseph Aronson writing in 1938 defines a coffee table as a, "Low wide table now used before a sofa or couch. There is no historical precedent...," suggesting that coffee tables were a late development in the history of furniture. With the increasing availability of television sets from the 1950s onwards coffee tables really came into their own since they are low enough, even with cups and glasses on them, not to obstruct the view of the TV.[citation needed]
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