According to statistics from relevant agencies in 2006, there are nearly 97,000 printing enterprises of various types in China, including about 2,300 printing enterprises with foreign investment background; there are about 3.4 million employees in the industry and the total output value is 330 billion yuan. The basic role of the market mechanism in the allocation of resources in China's printing industry has gradually emerged, and the pace of international capital entering China's printing industry has accelerated significantly.
1. Analysis: Current status of ERP in printing industry
According to statistics from relevant agencies in 2006, there are nearly 97,000 printing enterprises of various types in China, including about 2,300 printing enterprises with foreign investment background; there are about 3.4 million employees in the industry and the total output value is 330 billion yuan. The basic role of the market mechanism in the allocation of resources in China's printing industry has gradually emerged, and the pace of international capital entering China's printing industry has accelerated significantly.
However, there are still some gaps and deficiencies in the Chinese printing industry itself:
First, the total output value of printing per capita, with paper and cardboard holdings of US $ 30 and 50 kg respectively, far below the average level of developed countries;
Second, the regional development is uneven, lacking local backbone enterprises with international competitiveness and brand influence, relatively surplus printing production capacity, insufficient production capacity of high-end products, unreasonable growth mode, and structural contradictions of the industry have not been fundamentally resolved ;
The third is that local enterprises have insufficient independent innovation capabilities, and the foundation for scientific research and development is weak. There is a large gap between foreign companies and advanced foreign companies in terms of quality management, process technology, and product standards;
Fourth, there is a relatively lack of high-quality, high-skilled and export-oriented management personnel among practitioners, and it is urgent to establish a complete vocational training, evaluation and certification system to improve the industry's human resource allocation;
Fifth, lack of scientific management methods and smooth supply and marketing chain channels;
Sixth, there is no reasonable and correct competition tool for enterprise informationization-ERP.
As the printing and image communication industry in the information industry, it is fully implementing and implementing the "laser phototypesetting, electronic color separation, offset printing, binding linkage" 16-word policy and "pre-press digital-network, printing multi-color-efficient, Diversified after printing-automation, high-quality equipment-serialization "28-word policy.
At the same time, the printing industry is developing towards the "three highs" of high precision, high efficiency, and high color, and the new technology of "three nos" of waterless offset printing, shaftless transmission, and seamless blankets. The post-press processing and binding process will be The development of high-speed, multi-function and high-precision surface finishing automation.
In the era of digital printing, the implementation of these major policies and the development of the printing industry must take ERP as a breakthrough.
The printing industry belongs to the traditional industry. From the printing technique invented by Bi Sheng to today's electronic publishing, the printing industry has experienced a long development process. In this development process, there are very few opportunities for revolutionary changes. When computers are used in the printing industry, the printing industry has not changed the printing principles in the true sense. The printing industry has always become an industry far away from ERP, and the boss of the printing industry has been watching.
However, in recent years, printing industry technology automation and phototypesetting technology have become electronic. The owners of printing factories have begun to beg for informatization to convert advanced equipment into real benefits. ERP has started to heat up quietly in the printing industry. The most fundamental reason is cruelty. competition. Printing quality requirements are getting higher and higher, while profits are getting thinner. The printing industry is experiencing an era of fierce competition. Insufficient supply, continued low prices, substantial increase in varieties, general decline in the number of prints, shorter and shorter cycles, and difficulty in loan recovery, all of which have made the business management personnel feel unprecedented pressure.
At this time, the traditional industry of printing seemed to suddenly think of it overnight, and it must seek cost-saving space and greater profitability from informatization. In the past two years, the printing industry has transformed from traditional printing to modern electronic printing, from manual typesetting to computer typesetting. It has gone through the process from traditional manual type to modern type, and there must be a leap in management. Inevitable process.
In the past few years, there are not many printing management software, but most of them are small software that helps enterprises to provide quotation management and adapt to traditional printing management. It has been very helpful for the application of small printing plants, but it can only be used for rough printing. Kuang's management has not been promoted to the advanced stage of ERP management. The ERP software that is truly suitable for modern printing management is rare.
The printing industry ERP must truly start with modern enterprises and modern management, and completely solve the printing enterprise quotation, materials, planning, cost, piece counting and other difficulties.
Second, ensure: the basic problems of the printing industry
1. Ensure accurate matching and timely delivery
One of the most important aspects of customer service is on time and accurate delivery. It is especially challenging for the printing industry. A printed product is often delayed for one day or even half a day, which will lead to the rejection of the entire batch of printed products. The printing timeliness is particularly prominent. Failure to deliver accurately may have extremely serious consequences. Therefore, delivering the right quantity of the right product at the right time is critical to the printing industry. Some changes in the printing industry make accurate and on-time delivery more difficult to achieve.
In the selection of printing ERP, we must consider the material requirements, material distribution management, fine process management, intelligent production scheduling, etc. to ensure that the printed materials of the order are accurately matched, timely distributed, and delivered on time.
Dynamically grasp the progress and completion of orders. Realize the pre-arrangement of orders and automatically calculate the feasible delivery date. Better manage customer information, establish good relationships with customers, maintain regular communication with customers, and dynamically grasp customer needs.
2. Ensure resource optimization and cost effective control
Printing ERP must pass advanced material demand analysis, perfect inventory management including aging management, and work order material budget, work order quota picking, etc. to optimize resources and effectively control costs. The paper, ink and auxiliary materials needed for printing can be supplied in a timely, accurate and fixed amount.
3. Ensure the effective application of funds and quick return of funds
Printing ERP must also formulate quick and integrated inquiries for accounts receivable and payable. Quickly query and analyze the records of tasks completed by each user and each order, the number of delivery, the number of returns, the amount of receipt, etc., and quickly summarize the accounts receivable and accounts of customers. Age and credit situation. Ensure the effective application of funds and return funds quickly. There is a query function for the advance receipt process, a list of the receipts, a summary of the receivables, a write-off management after the receipts are settled, and an overdue payment for unpaid goods. There is a query function for the prepayment process, and the corresponding payment has a list, a summary of payables, a write-off management after the payment is settled, and a supplier statement function.
3. Have: the functional modules that the printing industry ERP must have
1. Print quotation function
2. Product Management
3. Sales order management
4. Production plan management
5. Procurement management
6. Material control, billing and inventory management
7. Production process management
8. Quality management
9. Piece-rate salary management
10. Cost accounting
4. Overcome: the difficulties in implementing ERP in the printing industry
In the current environment, due to its industry characteristics, the printing industry must further overcome its existing difficulties in implementing ERP:
1. The foundation of enterprise management is relatively weak
The management foundation of domestic printing companies is weak, there is a general lack of systems, and a lack of strategic and systematic views;
Cannot straighten simple processes such as business processes and financial accounting;
Customer data cannot be unified in the sales department and the finance department, let alone the business processes of sales and distribution.
Due to the weak management foundation, some enterprises do not yet have the prerequisites to implement ERP. If your business management itself is a mess, ERP cannot help you improve. Just like exercising, there must be a certain foundation. ERP can help you become stronger, but if you are already too fat and weak, you must first lose weight by some other methods, and then exercise.
The implementation of ERP in the printing industry has become the need and trend of industry development. How to implement ERP well in this particular industry is of great significance to the information management of the entire printing industry. It is a printing enterprise's concern to find problems and propose effective solutions to these problems.
2. There is a complicated quotation system in the printing industry ERP
One of the difficulties of ERP in the printing industry is the need for an extremely complex quotation system. Due to the particularity of the printing industry, printing companies need to make quotations according to customer requirements, which is different from the quotation of standard products. Due to the diversity of printing materials, printing methods and post-press processing procedures, customers often have a variety of choices. Most salespersons also need to provide customers with an ideal quotation plan, so the quotation in the printing industry is extremely complicated. Work.
Being able to quickly and accurately quote customers' enquiries is what all printing companies hope to achieve. At present, most of the printing quotation software on the market is mostly valuation software. The accuracy is poor and the quotation result is difficult to say whether it is the market price or the cost price. It has no guiding significance for enterprise cost control, so it is not practical.
The ERP quotation subsystem is a subsystem used for printed materials valuation, quotation, price verification, and bidding. Through the quotation subsystem, users can easily, quickly, and accurately obtain the cost price, market price, and profit price of multiple product quantities at one time, accurately grasp the profit and loss line; at the same time, they can conduct detailed price verification and analyze the price composition. ; You can set the labor standards in different regions and different categories, compare the labor prices in multiple regions, so that you know yourself and each other, so that the enterprise has always been in a favorable position in the printing bidding. The product information generated during the printing quotation process provides first-hand basic data for the subsequent order subsystem and production subsystem; at the same time, the cost and price composition information generated during the printing quotation process is also the "plan" required by the cost accounting subsystem "Cost" provides first-hand basic data, so it plays an important role as an outline.
How to make a printing company's own quotation subsystem in the ERP system according to its own business characteristics is the top priority for every enterprise preparing for the ERP project.
3. The problem of ERP training is the biggest problem in the implementation of ERP
Training is an old topic, but it is currently the biggest problem in ERP implementation. The ERP system integrates and integrates the most advanced management ideas, concepts, and methods in the contemporary era. However, the standardization, standardization, and management level of domestic enterprises have a certain gap with the ERP standard management mode.
Therefore, employees should be trained whether in actual operation or from the basic principles and ideas of ERP, so that employees can truly change their resistance to ERP from ideological concepts, and really feel the real benefits that ERP brings to them And benefits, thereby accepting ERP and actively participating in the implementation of ERP systems.
Successful implementation of ERP must pay attention to training, and training is not just training for pure system operation. From the beginning to the end of the project, the corresponding training is throughout, training in stages, content, personnel, and management levels. . Training must also have a complete training knowledge base, focusing on science, practicality and pertinence. It is necessary to use training to unify employee recognition and improve management concepts and business skills. For printing companies, the low quality of employees is a major problem for the printing industry to carry out ERP training.
1) Training must be implemented to middle-level managers and all employees
The implementation of ERP is a systematic project, which requires the support and assistance of middle-level managers and all employees. They not only need to assist system analysts to understand current business processes, but also cooperate with analysts to discuss the transformation of existing processes. More importantly, the middle-level managers and all employees are the end users of the ERP system and the most direct operators to ensure the normal operation of the ERP system.
The ERP system requires staff to directly input data into the system at the place where the data is generated, so they can understand the basics of each simple and slightly boring operation and each simple number entered in the entire system The role determines the success or failure of the system.
While some ERP vendors talk about their "low price" advantages, it is also easy for users to cause a misunderstanding: implementing ERP is like buying an office or financial software and installing it again. Workers learn which mouse to click on. Just press the button. Even with the involvement of consulting and training companies, there is also a lack of a combination of management and technology. Eventually, the enterprise's ERP is either thrown away or used, or the enterprise returns to the reality of low-level management after implementation. Because the essential management ideas have not changed, those enterprises who think that they "understand themselves better", even if they introduce some "ERP", are only repeating the backward management methods in the past circles, the only difference is the computer format report Instead of the original manual report. Therefore, without real ERP training, it is impossible to internalize ERP into enterprise management.
2) The training of enterprise senior managers is more important
Most enterprises mistakenly believe that ERP is a simple enterprise informatization construction project or enterprise management information system project. If the target is set too high or too low, it is easy to blur. As soon as the goal is ambiguous, it is difficult to implement it in the specific implementation work, regardless of the key points, resulting in a situation where the investment is too large, the results are minimal, and the implementation is weak. In the process of ERP implementation, business leaders have a decisive position.
Enterprise leaders do not fully understand "what is ERP", thinking that enterprise informationization is equivalent to implementing ERP. Some leaders said, "We want to go to ERP," and then they gave these things to their subordinates to do, and they cared about the "strategic" and "macro" issues. On the surface, ERP seems to be the optimization of some business processes, but if you continue to do it for a long time, it will be a change to the corporate culture. This requires the support of the top leaders from beginning to end, and this support cannot be just a word of mouth. There are many specific things to focus on.
The leaders of some companies in China are not actually prepared for the long-term implementation of ERP, although he thinks this thing is very good. To participate in training, to improve some things and processes around, to review and guide the project, so the top leaders will spend a lot of time to promote ERP. If the top leaders have no interest in ERP, or just talk about it, ERP will not be able to stick to it.
In fact, the core of ERP is MRP II, which is the manufacturing resource plan. For some non-manufacturing companies, enterprise informatization does not need to implement ERP. Besides, the implementation of ERP is also risky. Some business leaders often overlook the difficulties and risks of implementing ERP, or they have not yet realized this. Some people even think that after the enterprise is on the ERP system, they can solve all problems, and everything has never been a worry. As a result, companies have underestimated the difficulty of implementing ERP and have not made adequate preparations for this.
Such enterprises often fail to implement the ERP system, or fail to achieve their goals after the ERP system is implemented, that is, they do not solve "all the problems" for the enterprise. This kind of result will naturally disappoint the enterprise for ERP, which will affect the further promotion and application of ERP in the enterprise.
4. It is important to choose a vendor that implements ERP
Once an enterprise successfully implements an ERP project, all aspects of enterprise resources will be under the management of the ERP system. Therefore, the pros and cons of the ERP system is very important to the operation of the enterprise. Therefore, when choosing an ERP system, enterprises must be cautious and careful, and must fully consider the product strategy, development direction and service quality of the selected ERP. International companies and ERP vendors are often a strategic partnership rather than a simple sales relationship.
Enterprises choose the following three important factors when choosing ERP vendor products:
1) Overall strength of ERP software vendors
The importance of the ERP software system to the enterprise determines that the enterprise must fully consider the strength of the manufacturer when choosing an ERP software manufacturer. Most SMEs want to establish long-term cooperative relations with their ERP software vendors of choice (and their local partners). If SME users have no confidence in the manufacturer's strength, scale, and long-term survival and development capabilities, users will have difficulty establishing commercial cooperation with the manufacturer. Obviously, manufacturers with high brand awareness and strong strength have a much higher chance of success than smaller manufacturers.
2) The strength of software vendors and local channel vendors
The vast majority of SME users want to establish long-term cooperative relations with local partners of ERP vendors to prepare for future system maintenance and upgrades and other follow-up services. Therefore, in addition to the ability to implement localization projects, SME users are also very concerned about the comprehensive strength of local agents and their long-term survival and operational capabilities. If SME users do not have confidence in the strength and scale of their local agents, it is difficult to imagine that companies will choose the ERP product.
3) The key is to consider more about ERP product functions
The ERP system is an application system of an enterprise organization. Enterprises care about whether the ERP system can meet its needs, whether the functions and processes are suitable, and whether the software is stable and reliable. Therefore, practicality and integration are the primary selection criteria. In addition, the advanced nature, easy implementation and easy maintenance of the ERP system are also very important.
to sum up
So far, we have noticed that the products (whether packaging, samples, general commercial printing, books, cartons, newspapers, etc.) provided by printing companies for his customers are uncertain and random in structure, material, and process . With the acceleration of the business rhythm, the delivery time required by customers is relatively short, and these products are generally highly targeted and time-sensitive. These characteristics of the printing industry pose challenges for the implementation of the printing industry. Throughout the domestic and foreign manufacturing product markets, mature management software suitable for the domestic printing industry is still hard to trace.
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