The first section of text typesetting
I. Overview
(a) The font and size of the text
Text is a written symbol system for recording and conveying language. The words we use in printing include: Chinese characters, various minority languages, and Latin alphabets. The fonts are different styles of the same type of characters. For example, Chinese characters have handwritten seals, rhymes, cursive, etc. The printing uses Songs, Blacks, etc.
1. Chinese character font
In the long-term development and evolution of Chinese characters, various kinds of printed fonts with neat strokes and strict structures were created. There are the following types of commonly used printing type faces:
Song Tien is a typeface printed in the Song Dynasty. It was originally used in the Ming Dynasty edition and was written by the writers imitating the Song type. It is now the most popular print type. In particular, it is square in shape, with horizontal and vertical strokes, thick vertical and horizontal edges, clear corners and sharp corners, rigorous structure, and evenness. Although its strokes are thick and thin, they are very regular, giving people a sense of eye-catching comfort when reading. It is often used to print the text of books and newspapers. See Figure 4-1.
The body is also called living body. Its features are well-formed, beautifully written, beautifully written, and consistent with the handwritten script. The beginners' culture is easy to recognize by readers, so they are widely used in printing primary school textbooks, juvenile books, and popular books.
It is also called true song style. It is characterized by the structure of the Song Dynasty, the regular script, strokes, and the thickness of the strokes. The fonts are elegant and upright, and are often used to print typographical poems, titles, citations, and so on. Magazines also use this type of font to arrange paragraphs of articles.
The long imitation idiom is a variant of the idiom. It is rectangular in shape, and the ratio of the font size to the width is 4:3 or 3:2. The font is narrow and long, and the strokes are fine and delicate. It is generally used for typography of ancient books, poems, etc. It is also used as a title for books.
Fine art is a special type of typography. In order to beautify the layout, the structure and shape of the characters are visualized. Generally used for book covers or titles. These words are generally literally larger. It can increase the artistic quality of prints.
In recent years, in order to activate the layout, a number of new fonts have been designed for use in printing. Among them are: black variants, Lishu scriptures, long skulls, flat skulls, flat blacks, long blacks, Song blacks, Xiao Yaos, New Wei et al., Figure 4-2, are used as titles.
The ethnic minority languages ​​are usually used in publications and printed materials for ethnic minorities in China. The ethnic languages ​​commonly used in printed matters are: Mongolian, Tibetan, Uighur, Kazakh, and Korean, as shown in Figure 4-3. When using these ethnic languages ​​to print books and periodicals, the body uses commonly used boldfaces such as white body and title.
When printing foreign books and Chinese science and technology books and magazines, use foreign characters. The most used languages ​​in Latin are Latin, and Slavic, Japanese, Arabic, and other Oriental texts. Foreign fonts are generally divided into white and black bodies. White bodies are used to print text, and black bodies are used for titles. In literal terms, they are divided into positive and (also known as regular) and oblique (also known as italic). There are handwriting, German and flower, in a few occasions for the prefix; Japanese and Chinese characters are the same square font, its fonts are: Ming Dynasty body, black body and so on. As shown in Figure 4-4.
(1) The size of movable type
The movable type is a single typeface with reversed embossed letters on the top of a square cylinder made of metal or non-metal material.
There are two kinds of standard units for the size of movable type in China: number system and point system. In the international point of view, China is now adopting a mixed system based on number system and point system.
The number system is based on the three types of movable type that are not multiplied by each other, plus or minus half of the self-contained system. There are four-character, fifth-character, and sixth-word systems. The fourth character is larger than the fifth character, and the sixth character is smaller than the fifth character. For example, the fifth character system: Small special character is four times the fifth character, and the second character is two times the fifth character. In order to meet the needs of various printed materials, it has also increased the number of Xiao 5, Xiao 4 and Xiao 2 that are slightly smaller than the original number.
Point system, also known as pounds, is translated from the English Point, abbreviated as P, is measured by the unit "point" for the special scale, to measure the size of the word. In June 1985, the Ministry of Culture’s Publishing Authority proposed a decision to standardize movable type and typefaces in order to improve the printing technology and improve the printing quality. It is stipulated that each point (1P) is equal to 0.35 mm and the error does not exceed 0.005 mm. For example, the fifth character is 10.5 points, or 3.675 mm. The sizes of foreign characters are all calculated using dots. The size of each dot is approximately equal to 1/72 inch, ie 0.5146 mm.
The size of the characters in the photographic arrangement is measured in millimeters. The unit of measurement is “levelâ€, denoted by J (previously denoted by K), with each level equal to 0.25 millimeters and 1 millimeter equal to four levels. The general text is based on squares. Class 20 text is literally 5 mm on each side of the text.
General camera typewriters (referred to as photosetters) according to the size of the text can be discharged from 7 to 62 (Figure 4-6), but also from 7 to 100 level.
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