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What is the cause of tooth decay? Diet, oral hygiene, microbes, and heredity are all recognized factors. Now, the latest study confirms that dietary and oral hygiene habits have a greater impact on tooth decay than genetics. When we are very young, the composition of oral bacteria is mainly affected by genetic factors; but as we age, the influence of genes will be weakened, and the influence of non-genetic factors such as diet and oral hygiene on oral flora will increase.
"Don't eat sugar, it will lick your teeth." Hearing such an admonished baby, he often feels aggrieved. In fact, tooth decay is a global public health problem – about 90% of school-age children and nearly 100% of adults have experienced or are experiencing tooth decay problems, and up to 20% of middle-aged people face severe periodontal disease Disease (periodontal). So, what is the cause of tooth decay? The more recognized factors include diet, oral hygiene, microbes and heredity.
On September 13th, the latest issue of the journal Cell Host & Microbe published the first analysis of the effects of genetic and oral microbes on tooth decay, and confirmed that mothers' views are correct: dental conditions depend on diet and oral hygiene habits. . At least, when we are very young, the composition of oral bacteria is mainly affected by genetic factors; but as we age, the influence of genes will be weakened, and the influence of non-genetic factors such as diet and oral hygiene on oral flora will Enhanced.
Professor Karen E. Nelson from the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) and the team studied the "innate and acquired" factors affecting oral health, and cleverly selected identical and fraternal twins as subjects to analyze their oral cavity. Differences in microbial composition.
Twins study the "sequences" related to tooth decay
"Limiting sugar intake and acidic substances in the mouth has always been one of the creeds of the dental world," Professor Karen Nelson said. "This work shows that specific bacteria are obtained depending on environmental changes, and it is easy to induce tooth decay."
Since the beginning of the 20th century, dentists and other experts have known that streptococci in the mouth are associated with the formation of cavities. Now, along with the development of microbial research techniques, scientists have begun to focus on these specific bacteria.
To understand the effects of genetics and the environment on tooth decay, Nelson and the team adopted a popular approach: identical twins and fraternal twins. Specifically, they recruited 485 pairs of twins between the ages of 5 and 11, of which 280 were fraternal twins, 205 were identical twins, and another group was triplets. The researchers collected their oral microbes as samples.
Sugar intake affects the structure of the flora and further affects tooth decay
“We decided to focus on the children because we assumed two things – oral microbes will change rapidly with age; twins may have a common environment. These two opportunities give us a better chance Control the impact of the environment."
The results show that there is greater similarity in the oral twins compared to fraternal twins, suggesting that genetics plays a key role in the classification of oral microorganisms. However, the bacterial community associated with heredity is not a major factor in the formation of cavities. In addition, they found that as they age, the number of microbes associated with genes decreases, and the types of bacteria associated with the environment increase.
Another important finding is the correlation between certain bacterial species and sugar intake. When one of the twins is more inclined to sweets, the abundance of bacteria associated with less cavities in his/her mouth will be relatively small. More importantly, the more abundant bacteria in the mouth of children who like to eat sugar are more related to tooth decay.
The research team will continue this "twin" study to determine patterns of changes in oral microbes, influencing factors, and functional differences.
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