Technical parameters of the continuous monitoring system (high voltage ionization chamber) of the GERSS-131 radiation environment

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Introduction to GE RSS-131 Continuous Radiation Environment Monitoring System (High Voltage Ionization Chamber)
1. The composition of RSS-131
The RSS-131 high-pressure ionization chamber radiation measuring instrument is composed of a microprocessor, an electrometer, and a high-pressure ionization chamber.
1. High pressure ionization chamber
The RSS-131 high-pressure ionization chamber consists of a stainless steel spherical shell with a diameter of 10 inches (25.4 cm). The wall thickness of the spherical shell is 1/8 inch (about 3.18 mm). The center of the sphere has a diameter of 2 inches (5.08 cm). The sphere, which is sealed and insulated with ceramic through a support rod and the shell. Between the spherical shell and the central metal ball is filled with 25 atmospheres of argon. When working, the shell is connected to a high voltage of -400V, which is the cathode of the detector, and the central small sphere is grounded, which is the anode of the detector.
2. Electrometer
The electrometer's module diagram is shown in the manual (Chinese P14, English P6). It provides an analog output signal proportional to the exposure rate. The electrometer of RSS-131 has been modularized and is the core of the instrument technology. It can be directly installed on the ionization chamber to reduce noise. It is connected to the microprocessor via a cable. On the one hand, it supplies power to the high-pressure ionization chamber, on the other hand, it transmits the output signal to the A / D module of the microprocessor.
3. Microprocessor
The RSS-131's microprocessor is a separate printed circuit board, which removes all internal connections and improves its reliability. It uses the DS2251T module from the Dallas Semiconductor Corporation of the United States, which contains a backup battery to ensure that programs and data can be stored for more than 10 years in the event of a power failure. The backup battery also supports the real-time clock, and the time and date need only be set once.
It can update the configuration program through COM1 port through a programming cable, so that users can download new functions and programs to the instrument's program memory without sending the product back to the manufacturer. RSS-131 is output through the RS-232 interface, read data through the serial port, configure the system and update the program, a total of three standard serial ports (COM1, COM2 and COM4) can be used for simultaneous access and communication. COM3 can be installed for the optional internally installed Modem (modulator). In addition, it has an interface for the optional weather sensor.
The microprocessor contains a data memory with a capacity of 20,000 data points, and each data point contains date and time information. The data collector collects data from seven analog inputs and an external rain gauge. The input data is stored in a circular queue. Once the storage area is full, when the latest data point is added, the oldest data point will be deleted. The sampling interval of each data point is 1 second, but the data written in the queue is the average value according to the sampling time instructed when configuring the parameters. For example, if it is set to record an exposure rate value every 5 minutes, 300 values ​​of one second will be read, averaged and written into the queue data. If the sampling period is set to zero seconds, the sensor is discontinued.
The motherboard supports a total of 20,000 data points. The data points of a single sensor can be configured, but their total cannot exceed 20,000. If it exceeds, the data sequence in the storage area will be disrupted. The instrument will be abnormal and need to be downloaded program. If some sensors are not used (such as barometric pressure, rainfall, etc.), the data of this sensor can be set to zero. The firmware of RSS-131 does not allow the number of data of a certain sensor to be less than 100. If the set number is greater than 0 and less than 100, the system will default to 100 points. The default configuration of RSS-131 at the factory is shown in the table below.
Table Default data points and reading interval
sensor
Default reading interval (seconds)
Number of default data points
Wind speed
60
1000
wind direction
60
1000
Atmospheric pressure
60
1000
Radiation
60
10000
temperature
60
1000
battery
60
1000
high pressure
60
1000
rainfall
3600
1000
In fact, due to the time span between data points and the power off of the unit, the number of stored data points will be less than the configured number. If the system is restarted and the count clock is not affected, the number of data points for each sensor and the data in them will remain unchanged.
After the data is transferred to the host computer, the data will not be deleted in the data storage of RSS-131, which will allow multiple devices to read data from the same RSS-131.
2. Performance index
RSS-131 HPIC is designed according to the best balance of performance indexes such as sensitivity, energy response, stability, range, accuracy and directionality. Due to the constraint relationship between these indicators, no design can have ideal characteristics for each indicator.
1. Energy response
A good dose rate meter must have good energy response characteristics. The energy response is a function of the measured signal strength and γ photon energy. Ideally, it should be proportional to the ionization of gamma rays in the air, and the response should be flat. It is usually represented by a normalized curve. It can be seen from the energy response curve of RSS-131 that the response is not flat within the energy range to be measured, especially when the energy is below 60kev
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