The digital imaging printing system features direct printing on the printing system. Basically it is divided into two methods: printing with a permanent printing plate and no permanent printing plate. Common to both systems is that digital data is transmitted directly on the press and produces printing plates. Digital Imaging Systems without Permanent Plates Digital printing systems without permanent plates operate on the principle of "One Image, One Printing," which means "just one image for each image." To print the second one, you must image it again. Therefore, each printed sheet is different, but this must generate a considerable amount of data and transfer it. After some methods were first used in the office, these systems were used by printing and prepress companies. The equipment used in the printing industry is different from office equipment because the printing industry requires higher productivity and quality, and is controlled through page description languages ​​such as Postscript and PDF in the printing industry. The most commonly used electronic printing method for electrostatic printing is electrostatic printing, also known as Xerografie or laser printing. Many home printers, copy shops and offices use this method. The principle has been known for 30 years. The first laser printer was manufactured by Xerox in 1973. The process method requires several processes and is more complicated. The image carrier is a drum type optoelectronic semiconductor. It can hold charge in the dark, but it conducts electricity when exposed. First, charge the roller evenly. The drum is discharged using laser, light emitting diode or other light source according to the information to be printed. The toner is quantitatively conducted on the drum by means of a developing roller, either adsorbed on the charged part or on the discharged part, depending on the type. The absorbed toner is relaxed by strong charging and transferred to paper. Heat and pressure fix the toner on the paper. The optoelectronic semiconductor removes the residual toner after the toner has been transferred and discharges it, and can then reimage it. A conveyor belt or roller may also be provided as an intermediate medium between the optoelectronic semiconductor and the paper.
The effect can be compared to an offset blanket, except that the material and surface are completely different. Indigo's machines also have an intermediary medium for absorbing the liquid toner solution so that the solidified part can be completely transferred to the paper. In 1993, the first electrostatic printing systems were introduced by Indigo and Xeikon. During this period, the equipment continued to develop and new manufacturers have joined the ranks. Many new products have been exhibited at Drupa 2000 and are available in a variety of formats from low to high grades. The remarkable feature is that intermediate media is mostly used before the toner is transferred from the optoelectronic semiconductor to the paper. Thus, on the one hand, the choice of printable papers has been expanded. On the other hand, unprinted prints have lost one important advantage: the theoretically unlimited print length. There are some new varieties in Drupa 2000 from a wide variety of color and black and white systems. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of electrostatic printing (66.3K) Indigo
Indigo has launched a series of new machines for Drupa. In addition to the well-known models, Indigo also expanded their system usage with Series 2. The new printing unit prints 272 pages per minute, which is twice as fast as the E-Print series. UltraStream was exhibited at IPEX98 and can now buy a unit of the UltraStream 2000 and two unit-connected printing units, model UltraStrem4000. The maximum print size is B3, which can print up to 7 colors, but its speed is lower than the Indian 4 color. The Publisher 4000 is equipped with the same imaging unit and printing unit, and the two printing units are connected together. Only the machine uses web printing, so thinner paper can be used. The tape can be reversed between the two printing units. The printing speed is the same as the UltraStream 4000, with 68 pages of A4 double sided pages per minute. The Publisher8000 is equipped with 4 printing units and doubles in speed. Before the tape is flipped over the reverse side, the two printing units print the image on the tape first. 136 double-sided printing pages per minute, is almost the fastest electrostatic color presses, according to Indigo company, the machine is priced at 200 to 3.2 million mark according to different configurations.
The Omnius WebStream types l00, 200 and 400 are from reel to reel. It is also possible to print 64-meter four-color prints per minute using one, two or four printing units. WebStream is designed for one-sided printing of labels. In addition, a pure black and white printing machine called Ebony was exhibited. The machine is based on the E-P nut machine and can produce 136 pages of single-sided prints per minute. With the exception of the UltraStream 2000, all new models are available from the first half of 2001. Nexpress
The Heidelberg and Kodak joint venture exhibited the NexPress color press for the first time at Drupa 2000. The machine uses a single sheet of paper and dry pink printing, the price range between high-end color copiers and digital presses. Nexpress machines will be put into the market from next year. Heidelberg has launched a black and white printing system called the Digimaster 9110, which is positioned at a speed of 110 pages per minute in the Xerox Docutech high-end copiers and presses. Xeikon
Xeikon, as a manufacturer of well-known web printing systems, exhibited the first sheet-fed printing system at Drupa 2000, model CSP 320D, which is also available through Manroland. Designed as a two-sided printing system, there are four imaging stations for positive and negative sides. The color separation image is applied to the transfer belt, and the transfer belt is simultaneously transferred to the front and back of the paper. All paper from 80 to 300 g/m2 can be printed. Resolution and quality are the same as for the Xeikon web printing system. The price is significantly lower than that of the web machine. Some models of web presses have changed. For example, the printing efficiency of the two models, 32cm wide and 50cm wide, increased to 130 A4 pages/minute. Not only has the speed increased, but new colorful toners have also been displayed at Drupa 2000. After Manroland received the repair and sale of Agfa’s Chromapress digital press, Xeikon’s sales were also received by Manroland, with the exception of IBM, Xerox, Nipeter and others. Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of digital imaging technology and its application (18K) Fig. 3 The latest electrostatic color printing system displayed by Drupa 2000 (9K) Fig. 4 The electrocoagulation imaging process of elcografie (9K) Xerox
Xerox displayed its newly developed color printing system for the printing industry at Drupa 2000. The Docucolor 2060 can produce 30 double sided pages or 60 single sided pages per minute, while the Docucolor 2045 with the same structure is slower, with 45 pages of single sided printing or 22.5 pages of double sided printing per minute.
The difference between the Docucolor 2000 series and Docucolor 40 is not only to increase productivity, but also to expand the range of paper selection and reduce production costs. The machine's color saturation is Bit, the resolution is 600dpi, and its quality is more in line with the needs of the printing industry. It uses a transfer belt to transfer each color of toner to paper. The reverse printing must turn over the printed pages. Paper size A3 can print up to 220 g/m2 on both sides. By controlling the press in a standard way via Efl or Splash-RIP, Sai Angel announced an alternative front end. Elcografie Electrocoagulation Imaging This is a new digital printing method called Elcogfafie developed by Elcografie, Inc. of Canada. The prototype was exhibited at IPEX 98, this time the first product was exhibited at Drupa 2000. The method is based on the coagulation of the polymer by a free iron ion (a state transition from a liquid to a gel). Although this method sounds fresh, the process is relatively simple. The amount of liquid containing the pigment and polymer was initially applied to the roller. The rotation of the roller causes the ink to pass through the gap under one of the electrode beams. There is a point-by-point voltage application between the electrode and the drum, so that the iron ions are removed from the drum. In this way, the ink re-condenses on the drum within microseconds. The thickness of the condensing layer depends on the voltage pulse duration. Use a squeegee to scrape off the remaining liquid ink. The solidified ink is transferred onto paper by pressure. In order to improve the transfer effect, apply a thin film of oil on the roller before applying the ink. This method has a potentially high speed and can produce a variable ink layer thickness, similar to a gravure print. The ELCO 400 machine, first exhibited at Drupa 2000, was printed on a 43 cm wide web. 800 sheets of A4 double sided printing can be printed per minute with a resolution of 400 dpi. The aircraft has been available since 2001 and is priced at 4 million marks. Ink jet printing is one of the simplest digital printing methods. In principle, just spray the ink particles onto the correct part of the paper.
There are two basic principles of inkjet: â– "On-demand inkjet" method, waiting for the print head to reach the correct position of the paper, and then injecting ink on the paper, just as needed spray. All home inkjet prints use this method.
■The “continuous ink jet†method produces a continuous flow of ink droplets. The ink flow is blocked only in the non-image area. There are many technical solutions that can create or block ink drops in detail, but the printing industry uses only a few methods, and proofing and large-size printing do not consider this approach. Saige is the leading supplier of inkjet printers. After receiving the prepress business from Creo, Saiangelo retained the inkjet printing business. It provides inkjet printing systems that operate according to the "continuous ink jet" method. In addition to printing heads mounted on traditional ink jet printers as individual units, Sai Angel also exhibited the VersaMark inkjet system at Drupa. The model with two print heads has a top speed of 1,000 pages per minute (with spot colors) or 2200 A4/minute with black and white prints, with a resolution of 300 dpi. But the resolution can reach 600dpi too. However, only monochrome or with an additional spot color.
In addition, Sai Angel also holds a stake in the newly-built Aprion, which for the first time displayed Drupa's "on-demand black" printing system. This system is mainly used for wallpaper or corrugated board printing. Print 200m2 area in full color at 600dpi resolution every hour. People are also eager to know about other new players in the field of inkjet printer manufacturers, which is Xaar. The company exhibited on-demand inkjet print heads at Drupa. Its width is 70mm, resolution is 180 or 360dpi, 33 meters can be printed every minute. This is a project jointly developed with Agfa and its products are subsequently supplied. The magnetic particle imaging magnetic particle imaging method is similar to electrostatic printing. Images are produced by magnetic recording heads rather than by laser or other light sources. Corresponding to this is the use of magnetizable rollers instead of optoelectronic semiconductors. The toner is magnetic, but it must also be transferred from the roller to the paper by electrostatic electricity.
At present, magnetic particle imaging is the fastest toner method, with a speed of 1,500 pages per minute. Unfortunately, four-color printing cannot be used because the magnetic ink is too dark. Nipson is the only manufacturer of magnetic particle imaging printers, a subsidiary of Xeikon. Digital imaging printing system with permanent printing plate The working principle of this digital printing system is "one-time imaging, repeated printing". That is, according to each imaging, the same number of copies can be printed at a time. This system is also called a computer direct printing system. In many cases, the plate exposure machine was transplanted to a printing press. The transfer of image data in digital form to the printing press is done in conjunction with a system that does not have a permanent printing plate. In contrast, printing plates remain unchanged throughout the batch and must be reimaged after printing. Since it costs a certain amount of time to replace a printed image, it is uneconomical to print only one or a few copies, making it impossible to personalize. Due to the low cost of consumable materials, the computer direct printing system (CtPress) can make money soon when the number of prints increases. The break-even point depends to a large extent on the application, but the average is about 500. Figure 5 DIROweb Direct Imaging Diagram of Manroland (8K) Printing System Based on Printing Plates This type of printing system is the on-board imaging of plates. This means that the old version is removed after each batch is printed and an unexposed new version is installed on the drum.
Some systems can mount off-camera plates on the machine, but the cost of adjustments is significantly increased.
In Drupa 2000, such representative systems were exhibited in addition to Heidelberg's Quickmaster DI and Speedmaster DI74, as well as KBA's 74 Karat. If Quickmaster and 74 Karat work with Presstek's waterless offset printing, Speedmaster DI 74 can also use Presstek's water-based offset printing. In addition, Speedmaster DI 74 can also use off-camera imaging plates.
Daejon Screen's TruePress is a relatively new system on the market. TruePress544 was at IPEX 98
The effect can be compared to an offset blanket, except that the material and surface are completely different. Indigo's machines also have an intermediary medium for absorbing the liquid toner solution so that the solidified part can be completely transferred to the paper. In 1993, the first electrostatic printing systems were introduced by Indigo and Xeikon. During this period, the equipment continued to develop and new manufacturers have joined the ranks. Many new products have been exhibited at Drupa 2000 and are available in a variety of formats from low to high grades. The remarkable feature is that intermediate media is mostly used before the toner is transferred from the optoelectronic semiconductor to the paper. Thus, on the one hand, the choice of printable papers has been expanded. On the other hand, unprinted prints have lost one important advantage: the theoretically unlimited print length. There are some new varieties in Drupa 2000 from a wide variety of color and black and white systems. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of electrostatic printing (66.3K) Indigo
Indigo has launched a series of new machines for Drupa. In addition to the well-known models, Indigo also expanded their system usage with Series 2. The new printing unit prints 272 pages per minute, which is twice as fast as the E-Print series. UltraStream was exhibited at IPEX98 and can now buy a unit of the UltraStream 2000 and two unit-connected printing units, model UltraStrem4000. The maximum print size is B3, which can print up to 7 colors, but its speed is lower than the Indian 4 color. The Publisher 4000 is equipped with the same imaging unit and printing unit, and the two printing units are connected together. Only the machine uses web printing, so thinner paper can be used. The tape can be reversed between the two printing units. The printing speed is the same as the UltraStream 4000, with 68 pages of A4 double sided pages per minute. The Publisher8000 is equipped with 4 printing units and doubles in speed. Before the tape is flipped over the reverse side, the two printing units print the image on the tape first. 136 double-sided printing pages per minute, is almost the fastest electrostatic color presses, according to Indigo company, the machine is priced at 200 to 3.2 million mark according to different configurations.
The Omnius WebStream types l00, 200 and 400 are from reel to reel. It is also possible to print 64-meter four-color prints per minute using one, two or four printing units. WebStream is designed for one-sided printing of labels. In addition, a pure black and white printing machine called Ebony was exhibited. The machine is based on the E-P nut machine and can produce 136 pages of single-sided prints per minute. With the exception of the UltraStream 2000, all new models are available from the first half of 2001. Nexpress
The Heidelberg and Kodak joint venture exhibited the NexPress color press for the first time at Drupa 2000. The machine uses a single sheet of paper and dry pink printing, the price range between high-end color copiers and digital presses. Nexpress machines will be put into the market from next year. Heidelberg has launched a black and white printing system called the Digimaster 9110, which is positioned at a speed of 110 pages per minute in the Xerox Docutech high-end copiers and presses. Xeikon
Xeikon, as a manufacturer of well-known web printing systems, exhibited the first sheet-fed printing system at Drupa 2000, model CSP 320D, which is also available through Manroland. Designed as a two-sided printing system, there are four imaging stations for positive and negative sides. The color separation image is applied to the transfer belt, and the transfer belt is simultaneously transferred to the front and back of the paper. All paper from 80 to 300 g/m2 can be printed. Resolution and quality are the same as for the Xeikon web printing system. The price is significantly lower than that of the web machine. Some models of web presses have changed. For example, the printing efficiency of the two models, 32cm wide and 50cm wide, increased to 130 A4 pages/minute. Not only has the speed increased, but new colorful toners have also been displayed at Drupa 2000. After Manroland received the repair and sale of Agfa’s Chromapress digital press, Xeikon’s sales were also received by Manroland, with the exception of IBM, Xerox, Nipeter and others. Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of digital imaging technology and its application (18K) Fig. 3 The latest electrostatic color printing system displayed by Drupa 2000 (9K) Fig. 4 The electrocoagulation imaging process of elcografie (9K) Xerox
Xerox displayed its newly developed color printing system for the printing industry at Drupa 2000. The Docucolor 2060 can produce 30 double sided pages or 60 single sided pages per minute, while the Docucolor 2045 with the same structure is slower, with 45 pages of single sided printing or 22.5 pages of double sided printing per minute.
The difference between the Docucolor 2000 series and Docucolor 40 is not only to increase productivity, but also to expand the range of paper selection and reduce production costs. The machine's color saturation is Bit, the resolution is 600dpi, and its quality is more in line with the needs of the printing industry. It uses a transfer belt to transfer each color of toner to paper. The reverse printing must turn over the printed pages. Paper size A3 can print up to 220 g/m2 on both sides. By controlling the press in a standard way via Efl or Splash-RIP, Sai Angel announced an alternative front end. Elcografie Electrocoagulation Imaging This is a new digital printing method called Elcogfafie developed by Elcografie, Inc. of Canada. The prototype was exhibited at IPEX 98, this time the first product was exhibited at Drupa 2000. The method is based on the coagulation of the polymer by a free iron ion (a state transition from a liquid to a gel). Although this method sounds fresh, the process is relatively simple. The amount of liquid containing the pigment and polymer was initially applied to the roller. The rotation of the roller causes the ink to pass through the gap under one of the electrode beams. There is a point-by-point voltage application between the electrode and the drum, so that the iron ions are removed from the drum. In this way, the ink re-condenses on the drum within microseconds. The thickness of the condensing layer depends on the voltage pulse duration. Use a squeegee to scrape off the remaining liquid ink. The solidified ink is transferred onto paper by pressure. In order to improve the transfer effect, apply a thin film of oil on the roller before applying the ink. This method has a potentially high speed and can produce a variable ink layer thickness, similar to a gravure print. The ELCO 400 machine, first exhibited at Drupa 2000, was printed on a 43 cm wide web. 800 sheets of A4 double sided printing can be printed per minute with a resolution of 400 dpi. The aircraft has been available since 2001 and is priced at 4 million marks. Ink jet printing is one of the simplest digital printing methods. In principle, just spray the ink particles onto the correct part of the paper.
There are two basic principles of inkjet: â– "On-demand inkjet" method, waiting for the print head to reach the correct position of the paper, and then injecting ink on the paper, just as needed spray. All home inkjet prints use this method.
■The “continuous ink jet†method produces a continuous flow of ink droplets. The ink flow is blocked only in the non-image area. There are many technical solutions that can create or block ink drops in detail, but the printing industry uses only a few methods, and proofing and large-size printing do not consider this approach. Saige is the leading supplier of inkjet printers. After receiving the prepress business from Creo, Saiangelo retained the inkjet printing business. It provides inkjet printing systems that operate according to the "continuous ink jet" method. In addition to printing heads mounted on traditional ink jet printers as individual units, Sai Angel also exhibited the VersaMark inkjet system at Drupa. The model with two print heads has a top speed of 1,000 pages per minute (with spot colors) or 2200 A4/minute with black and white prints, with a resolution of 300 dpi. But the resolution can reach 600dpi too. However, only monochrome or with an additional spot color.
In addition, Sai Angel also holds a stake in the newly-built Aprion, which for the first time displayed Drupa's "on-demand black" printing system. This system is mainly used for wallpaper or corrugated board printing. Print 200m2 area in full color at 600dpi resolution every hour. People are also eager to know about other new players in the field of inkjet printer manufacturers, which is Xaar. The company exhibited on-demand inkjet print heads at Drupa. Its width is 70mm, resolution is 180 or 360dpi, 33 meters can be printed every minute. This is a project jointly developed with Agfa and its products are subsequently supplied. The magnetic particle imaging magnetic particle imaging method is similar to electrostatic printing. Images are produced by magnetic recording heads rather than by laser or other light sources. Corresponding to this is the use of magnetizable rollers instead of optoelectronic semiconductors. The toner is magnetic, but it must also be transferred from the roller to the paper by electrostatic electricity.
At present, magnetic particle imaging is the fastest toner method, with a speed of 1,500 pages per minute. Unfortunately, four-color printing cannot be used because the magnetic ink is too dark. Nipson is the only manufacturer of magnetic particle imaging printers, a subsidiary of Xeikon. Digital imaging printing system with permanent printing plate The working principle of this digital printing system is "one-time imaging, repeated printing". That is, according to each imaging, the same number of copies can be printed at a time. This system is also called a computer direct printing system. In many cases, the plate exposure machine was transplanted to a printing press. The transfer of image data in digital form to the printing press is done in conjunction with a system that does not have a permanent printing plate. In contrast, printing plates remain unchanged throughout the batch and must be reimaged after printing. Since it costs a certain amount of time to replace a printed image, it is uneconomical to print only one or a few copies, making it impossible to personalize. Due to the low cost of consumable materials, the computer direct printing system (CtPress) can make money soon when the number of prints increases. The break-even point depends to a large extent on the application, but the average is about 500. Figure 5 DIROweb Direct Imaging Diagram of Manroland (8K) Printing System Based on Printing Plates This type of printing system is the on-board imaging of plates. This means that the old version is removed after each batch is printed and an unexposed new version is installed on the drum.
Some systems can mount off-camera plates on the machine, but the cost of adjustments is significantly increased.
In Drupa 2000, such representative systems were exhibited in addition to Heidelberg's Quickmaster DI and Speedmaster DI74, as well as KBA's 74 Karat. If Quickmaster and 74 Karat work with Presstek's waterless offset printing, Speedmaster DI 74 can also use Presstek's water-based offset printing. In addition, Speedmaster DI 74 can also use off-camera imaging plates.
Daejon Screen's TruePress is a relatively new system on the market. TruePress544 was at IPEX 98
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