Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital defect in the world, with almost nine out of every 1,000 babies suffering from the disease. Michael Davis, director of the Center for Child Heart Research and Results (HeRO) at the Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University's Department of Biomedical Engineering, is committed to using advanced technology to address pediatric congenital heart defects, particularly stem cell research and 3D printing . Davis and his lab team deal with left ventricular dysplasia syndrome (HLHS) and left ventricular cardiomyopathy. The Atlanta Children's Medical Center (CHOA) has been providing Davis and his team with a large number of pediatric heart disease patients who need new experimental treatments.
Davis said: “For pediatricians, clinicians are very happy to collaborate and try new procedures and treatments. In the pediatric field, these children have fewer choices, and parents and clinicians are eager to try new therapies.â€
Davis' research includes extensive stem cell research. A few years ago, he noticed that during bypass surgery, a small amount of tissue was removed to transport the bypass line to the heart and then discarded. Davis requires and is approved to use the organization for stem cell research. He then began extracting and quantifying stem cells and found that younger cells had more repair properties and released healing proteins when injected into damaged tissue.
Davis first used stem cells for clinical trials, and autologous cardiac stem cell injection therapy for the inflammatory heart disease (ACT-HLHS) trial, which has been approved by the FDA and will be conducted in the coming months. Clinicians inject stem cells into the heart of infants with congenital heart disease to improve heart function.
"For HLHS babies, we can't make the left ventricle re-grow, but try to strengthen and prevent the deterioration of the existing right ventricle," Davis said. "It makes your baby's repair surgery a success."
Davis observes the cells and collects quantitative data on their behavior in the laboratory. He is engaged in cord blood, bone marrow and cardiac stem cell research. Together with Manu Platt, Director of STC Diversity at the Georgia Institute of Integrated Cellular System (EBICS) Emergency Behavior, Davis has written a grant program that hopes to combine all cell data from patients in three different clinical trials to create Cellular signals from large databases. Research signals, also known as protein secretions, help Davis and Platt determine the effects of certain cells in treating disease.
"These cells can be used in a variety of ways, and we want to collect all possible information, including their genomes and their release," Davis said. “We basically want to develop equations to determine how cells respond. We want to put these data together for treatment prediction.â€
This information will enable researchers to establish a mathematical model to identify the cellular genome and predict the role of cells in the clinical setting. They can then determine the best characteristics of these cells and determine which diseases they can fix.
"If we can study cells and separate their responses, we will be able to provide a personalized approach to stem cell therapy - something that is currently lacking in the field," Davis said. “For each patient, we can sort their cells and immediately know which cells to inject for optimal results. Different cells will have different effects on everyone.â€
Davis and his lab team also used 3D printing to make valves and patches. Aline Nachlas, a Ph.D. candidate in biomedical engineering, discovered a 3D printed material that supports the valve unit. The valve is made using skin cells from the patient, which minimizes the risk of organ rejection and allows the organ to grow with the patient, meaning that replacement will never be required.
"We want these cells to print valves, or at least the tissue that makes up the valve," Davis said. "Currently, children are undergoing animal valve replacement, sometimes these valve replacements are too large, and they cannot grow with their children. This means that more surgery is needed to replace the valve, as well as high doses of immunosuppressants. We want to create a A flap that grows with the child."
Davis's lab team is also working on 3D printed patches containing stem cells. The patch keeps all stem cells in one location so that the cells can repair the surrounding tissue.
Davis said: "Few people are trying to treat with 3D printing patches. My lab is at the forefront of this research. We are trying to make a positive contribution in a reasonable way."
Davis hopes to focus more on 3D printing in the next five to ten years so that he can advance regenerative therapy and bring as much as possible to pediatric patients.
“My research may not always be at the speed I want, so I try to remember to have a bigger vision,†Davis said. “We have helped many children with coronary heart disease to become healthier and stronger. However, I always ask myself, 'Can we do better?'â€
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